Uopsteno o metal muzici

Metal,
konkretno heavy metal, je pod-žanr rock muzike koji se pojavio kao
definisani tip muzike 70-ih godina prošlog vijeka i ima korijene u hard
rock grupama koje su, između 1967. i 1974. godine, sastavili rock i
blues stvorivši na taj način hibridnu vrstu muzike sa teškim i
gitarom-i-bubnjevima orijentisanim zvukom, koji je karakterističan po
upotrebi visoko pojačane distorzije (izobličenja). Između brojnih
podgrupa metala koje su kasnije nastale, većina su bile okarakterisane
samo kao "metal". Posljedica toga, "heavy metal" u današnje vrijeme ima
dva potpuno različita shvatanja: kao žanr kompletan u maniru heavy
metal-a u stilu 70-ih godina, koji je poslužio kao uzor grupama Black
Sabbath, Blue Cheer, Deep Purple, Iron Maiden, Led Zeppelin i drugim.


Heavy
metal je dobio na popularnosti u periodu između 70-ih i 80ih godina
prošlog vijeka, a ujedno se i tada većina današnjih podžanrova razvila.
Heavy metal ima svjetski poznate klubove obožavaoca kao što su
metalheads, metal maniacs, headbangers i mettalers (izvorno sa
engleskog).


Karakteristike:

Heavy metal je najčešće okarakteriziran kao vrsta muzike sa
distorziranom vrstom zvuka - sa gitarom kao primarnim instrumentom, sa
pravilnim ritmovima, klasičnim ili simfonijskim stilom. U svakom
slučaju, podžanrovi metala, tj. heavy metala, razlikuju se po
svojstvenim varijacijama stila u odnosu na original, koji najčešće
odstupaju od "zacrtanih" osobina "čistog" metala.


Prema
"AllMusic.com"-u od svih mnogobrojnih formi rock 'n' roll-a, heavy
metal je najekstremniji po pitanju zvuka (glasnoće), mehanike i
teatralnosti. Postoji bezbroj varijacija "izvornog" heavy metal zvuka,
ali ono što im je zajedničko jeste povezanost po glasnoći, izobličenju
gitare (najprisutnije je ponavljanje tzv. riffova, tj. često je
ponavljanje određenih segmenata melodije) i prosto, razbijajući ritam.


Instrumenti:

Najčešće korišteni instrumenti u metal-u su bubnjevi, bas, gitara
(leader i ritam gitarista) i izvođač (koji može, a i ne mora svirati
neki od instrumenata). Klavijatura se koristi u nekim stilovima heavy
metal-a dok je od ostalih potpuno izbačena, ali pošto se stilovi
podžanrova konstantno unapređuju klavijatura postaje sve popularnija.
Gitara je neophodna za heavy metal. Distortovano pojačanje gitare je tu
da stvori moćan ili heavy zvuk. Rezultata je prost, iako su se neki od
pravih heavy metalaca šalili da je to produkt ograničene sposobnosti
više nego inovacije. Kasnije su se pojavili intrigantniji solisti i
riff-ovi koji su postali nezaobliazan dio heavy metal muzike. Gitaristi
koriste razne muzičke tehnike da bi u većini pod-žanrova virtuoznost
preovladala nad jednostavnošću.


Metal
vokalisti variraju po pitanju stila. Sposobnosti vokalista imaju širok
raspon razlučitih stilova, od recimo više-oktavnog operskog vokala Rob
Halforda (Judas Priest) i klasično izvježbanog vokala Bruce Dickinsona
(Iron Maiden), pa do hotimično grubog zvučanja vokala Lemmy Kilmistera
iz benda Motorhead.


Kada
govorimo o "živom" zvuku, smatra se podjednako bitnim elementom heavy
metala kao i bilo koji drugi segement ove vrste muzike. Počevši od
vodećih The Who i Jimi Hendrixa rani metal bendovi su postavili muzičke
standarde za jačinu zvuka tokom šou-a. Tony Iommi, gitarista iz
'pionirskog' heavy metal benda Black Sabbath, je jedan od mnoštva ranih
heavy metalaca koji je pretrpio ozbiljno oštećenje sluha zahvaljujući
njihovom "živom" zvuku!!! Dalje, roker iz Detroita Ted Nugent (koji,
uzgred, odbacuje termin 'heavy metal' za opis njegove vrste muzike) i
The Who (koji su držali titulu 'Najglasnijeg benda na svijetu' u
Ginisovoj knjizi rekorda) gitarista Pete Townshend su skoro pa gluhi.
Kanadski Eudoxis su nagrađeni zato što su imali najduže i najbučnije
bas bubnjeve (dužina od 6 stopa), dokazavši time da dužina igra veoma
važnu ulogu po pitanju jačine tj. glanoće zvuka.


Teme
Pored mnogo popularnije muzike, takođe je zastupljen i vizualni
utisak, odnosno slike u metal muzici. Korice albuma i scenski nastup
igraju isto toliko važnu ulogu u metal-u kao i sama muzika, iako se
rijetko premašuje stvarna muzika koja je prioritetna. Mada, kroz heavy
metal , mnogi muzički umjetnici međusobno sarađuju da bi stvorili niz
različitih iskustva za svačije prohtjeve. Imajući ovo na umu, heavy
metal postaje jedan od kontraverznijih muzičkih pravaca, u odnosu na
bilo koji drugi pravac, po pitanju njegove forme. Dok je umjetnost
slikanja izražena preko vizualnog prikaza, simfonija preko zvuka, imidž
nekog heavy metal benda je izražen preko određene teme koja povezuje
svu tu muziku, i izražena je preko "artworka" tj. izgleda korice,
izgleda stage-a, tona tekstova pjesama i stila oblačenja članova
određenog benda, zajedno zaokruženo sa kvalitetom i vrstom zvuka...
Istoričari
roka nastoje dokazati da je Zapadni pop uticao na formu metala koja je
orijentisana "fantazijskom bjegu od stvarnosti"; bjeg od stvarnosti
koji se ogleda u nerealnim i futurističkim tekstovima pjesama, dok
Afričko-Američki bluz heavy metalu daje "golu" realnost i iskrenost, sa
fokusom na gubitke, depresiju i samoću. Heavy metal takođe ima dodirnih
tačaka sa spiritualnim (duhovnim) temama u muzičkoj i simboličkoj
teoriji.


U slučaju
da su audio i tematske komponente heavy metala pretežno pod uticajem
realnosti bluza, onda su vizuelne komponente pretežno pod uticajem
fantazijske komponente popa. Teme tame, zla, snage i apokalipse su
fantazijske jezičke komponente za označavanje (adresiranje) realnosti
životnih problema. Kao reakcija na "ljubav i mir" hipi kulture
šezdesetih godina, heavy metal se razvio kao protiv-kultura, gdje je
svijetlost potisnuta tamom i srećni završeci u popu su takođe
zamjenjeni golom (surovom) realnošću da stvari ne ispadnu baš uvijek
onakve kakve bi trebale biti na ovome svijetu. Dok fanovi (obožavaoci)
tvrde da medijum tame nije poruka, kritičari se protive ideji veličanja
negativnog aspekta realnosti (negativnog pogleda na surovu stvarnost).


Teme
heavy metala su tipično tamnije nego generalno lagane pop iz 50-tih,
60-tih i 70-tih sa fokusiranjem na rat, nuklearnu anihilaciju (tj.
uništenje), teme iz (životnog) okruženja i političku, odnosno vjersku
(religioznu) propagandu. "War Piggs" Black Sabbath-a, "Killer of
Giants" Ozzy Osbourne-a, "...And Justice For All" i "Disposable Heroes"
Metallica-e, "Two Minutes to Midnight" Iron Maiden-a su primjeri
ozbiljnih suprotnosti raspravi na temu afera. Komentar na realnost
ponekad nastoji da postane pre-pojednostavljen; specifični fantazijski,
poetični vokabular metala koji se primarno sukobi sa kontrastima između
svijetla i tame, nade i očaja, dobra i zla, ne ostavljaju baš previše
prostora za kompleksne sijenke sive boje. Power metal grupe (bendovi),
čiji su lirički i muzički tonovi najčešće bombastični i optimistični,
su jedan od izuzetaka za mračni stereotip. Mnogi poklonici i grupe
power metala, naj notabilnije "Manowar", vjeruju da bi metal trebao
inspirisati i uzdizati muziku na viši nivo.


Uticaji klasike:

Na prisvajanje klasične muzike od strane heavy metala je više
uticao Bah i Paganini, nego Mocart ili Franc Lisc. Iako je gitarista
Ritchie Blackmore (Deep Purple/Rainbow) vršio eksperimente sa muzičkim
oblikovanjem koje je pozajmio iz klasične muzike do ranih sedamdesetih,
Edward Van Halen-ova solo kadenca ) obilježila je značajan trenutak po
pitanju razvitka virtuoznosti u metalu. Nakon njega; uticaji klasike u
metalu tokom osamdesetih su ustvari ličili, pomalo, na ranu
osamnaestovijekovnu, za njihov model brzine i tehnike. Zaista, kasnija
Barokna era Zapadne muzičke umjetnosti je takođe, prikazana kroz
izvijesne segmente gotike. Npr., "Mr. Crowley" (1981) Ozzy Osburne-a i
gitariste Randy Rhoads-a, je uplitala specifičnu vrstu sintisajzera i
Barokom-inspirisanu solo gitaru da bi stvorili upečatljivo raspoloženje
Osburne-ovim tekstovima pjesama. Kao i mnogi drugi gitaristi 80-tih,
Rhoads je prilično studiozno gledao na teoriju muzičke umjetnosti da bi
udružili ne tako brojnu industriju pedagoških magazina za gitare (kao
što je "Guitar for Practicing Musician") koji je porastao tokom
decenije. Doduše, u većini slučajeva, umjetnici metal-a koji su
pozajmili tehniku i retoriku muzičke umjetnsoti nisu ni pokušavali da
postanu klasični muzičari. (Izuzetaka je naravno bilo, npr. gitarista
Yngwie Johann Malmsteen, s čime se mnogi slažu a to je da se njegova
muzika više oslanjala na Ancient Mariner," based on the poem by Samuel
Taylor Coleridge. However, the 1977 Rush album A Farewell to Kings
features the twelve-minute "Xanadu," also inspired by Coleridge and
predating the Iron Maiden composvirtuoznost i upotrebu elemenata zvuka
klasike, kao što je harmonična mol ljestvica, da bi izgledala kao
klasika, iako, to u stvarnosti nije bila).


U
enciklopediji Encarta se tvrdi da "kada je tekst bio u vezi sa muzikom,
Bah je mogao napisati muzičke ekvivalente verbalnih ideja", bendovi
progresivnog roka kao što je Emerson, Lake, i Palmer i Yes su već
istražili ovu povezanost i prije evoluiranja heavy metala. Kako heavy
metal propagira teme apokalipse i slike moći i tame, sposobnost
prevođenja verbalnih ideja, u muzičke, sa priličnom preciznošću, onda
bi se one veoma fino podudarale sa idejama riječi koje su od velike
važnosti kada govorimo o autentičnosti i kredibilitetu heavy metal-a.
Odličan je dokaz za gore spomenuto, Powerslave, album Iron Maiden-a.
Slika albuma vezana je za scenu Egipatske piramide i mnoge pjesme sa
albuma za temu imaju život i smrt, uključujući i pjesmu "The Rime of
the Ancient Mariner", koja se bazira na poemi Samuel Taylor
Coleridge-a.


Istorija

Termin heavy metal

Knjiga "Istorija Heavy Metala" tvrdi da ime potiče od govora hipija
("hippispeak"), heavy sa značenjem bilo čega sa potentnim
raspoloženjem, te metal, koji još detaljnije i podrobnije pojašnjava
vrstu raspoloženja. Riječ "heavy" (sa značenjem ozbiljnog i dubokog)
ušla je u sleng kontra-kulture i odnosi se na "heavy muziku", posebno
onu sa sporijim tempom, te pojačanim varijacijama standardnog popa; u
stvari Iron Butterfly je prvi odsvirao pjesmu Los Angeles u 1967.
godini, objasnivši na omotu albuma naziv sljedećim riječima: "Iron -
symbolic of something heavy as in sound; Butterfly - light, appealing
and versatile... and object that can be freely in the imagination."
Iron Butterfly 1968 album je nazvan Heavy. Činjenica da je Led Zeppelin
ukorporirao heavy metal u svoje ime možda je zapečatila upotrebu ovog
termina.


U
kasnim šezdesetim, Engleska je još uvijek bila centar industrije (s
obzirom na to da je većina rok bendova nastala u, i oko gradova, kao
što su Led Zeppelin, The Move i Black Sabbath), neki ljudi upućuju na
to da termin Heavy Metal može imati povezanost sa takvim aktivnostima.
Biografija benda The Move tvrdi da je zvuk koji je dopirao iz "heavy"
gitarskih riffova, bio veoma popolularan među redovima metalaca.


Sandy
Pearlman, originalni producent, menadžer i tekstopisac za Blue Öyster
Cult tvrdi da je bio među prvima koji je unjeo izraz heavy metal u rok
muziku 1970. godine.


Jako
rasprostranjena, ali salomiva hipoteza o porijeklu žanra je nastala od
"Chas" Chandler-a, koji je bio menadžer Jimi Hendrix Experience-a u
1969, u intervjuu za PBS TV program "Rock And Roll" u 1995. Tvrdi da je
"...to (heavy metal) bio termin za prvobitni New York Times članak
recenzirajući nastup Jimi Hendrix-a", i takođe naglašava da autor
opisuje Jimi Hendrix Experience "... kao slušanje heavy metala, pri
padu sa neba." Smatra se da validnost izvora ove tvrdnje ne bi trebala
poslužiti kao referenca, te je kao takva upitne preciznosti.


Prva,
detaljno dokumentirana upotreba termina heavy metal odnosi se na stil
muzike, izgleda da je u vezi ishodom Creem-a maja 1971., u kritici Sir
Lord Baltimor-ovog Kingdom Come-a. U ovom intervjuu nam je rečeno da
"Sir Lord Baltimor je izgleda 'bacio na stol' sve najkvalitetnije heavy
metal trikove u knjizi." Kritičar grupe Creem - David Marsh i Lester
Bangs bi s vremena na vrijeme koristili izraz u njihovim tekstovima uz
pozdrav bendovima poput Led Zeppelin-a i Black Sabbath-a.


Heavy
metal je u početku možda služio kao podsmijeh od strane brojnih
muzičkih kritičara ali je ubrzo bio prihvaćen. Drugi, već oformljeni
bendovi, kao što je Deep Purple, koji je prvobitno imao korijene u pop
i progresivnom roku, ubrzo je preuzeo "mantil" heavy metala, dodajući
distorziju i dodatno pojačanje u još agresivnijem pristupu.

Metal genres and subgenres

Alternative metal - A term used to describe styles of metal which are considered to be unique or experimental. This category also overlaps circus metal and math metal. Faith No More are a prime example of the genre, along with ex-frontman Mike Patton's side projects Fant�mas and Tomahawk. Other notable examples include The Melvins, Tool, A Perfect Circle, Rage Against The Machine, Helmet and System of a Down.
Australian war metal - Also referred to as Satanic war metal or simply as war metal and originating from Australia, it is characterized by a fusion of death metal rhythm section with 1980s thrash-style guitar riffs and vocals, particularly influenced by European thrash bands such as Sodom, Kreator and Coroner. The style also borrows its image and lyrical themes from early Black metal. Exponents of Australian war metal include Bestial Warlust, Destroyer 666 & Gospel of the Horns.
Baroque metal - Soft metal with a high influence from baroque musicians such as Johann Sebastian Bach. The best example is Alex Masi.
Black metal - Considered to be the most extreme subgenre of metal. The genre has its origins in early thrash/speed metal and is often (but not always) characterised by Satanic or occult lyrical themes, usually 'screamed' out rather than sang. Venom and Bathory are credited with pioneering the genre. Other notable black metal artist include Darkthrone, Immortal, Emperor, Satyricon and Mayhem.
Blues rock - Most important early heavy metal performers were rooted solidly in blues rock: Jimi Hendrix, Cream, Black Sabbath, Led Zeppelin.
Christian metal - This category can be any style of metal featuring explicitly Christian lyrics or themes. Examples include Stryper and Mortification
Circus metal - Incorporates circus or carnival elements in music or performances, as well as elements of jazz, techno, and world music. See Mr. Bungle, Dog Fashion Disco, Secret Chiefs 3, Vicious Hairy Mary, Headkase and Darth Vegas .
Comedy metal - Features pronounced humor and comedy. Comedy metal may have been unwittingly created by the film This Is Spinal Tap in the mid 1980s. Besides Spinal Tap, other comedians parodying metal have included UK project Bad News (featuring comedians from The Young Ones) and US comedian Bob Rivers. Comedy metal has also been created by metal musicians themselves, with some achieving commercial success (most notably Green Jelly and Scatterbrain). Comedy metal can be varied in humour, from being blatantly offensive and politically incorrect (such as Anal Cunt and Pungent Stench), to more middle of the road humour (such as Canadian band Zimmer's Hole and GWAR)
Death metal - An extreme style of metal with low-pitched guitars and growling, often incomprehensible vocals. Lyrical themes of early death metal often centered around gore horror (hence the term), although the genre has since diversified. Examples Bolt Thrower, Mortification, Death, Morbid Angel, Deicide and Entombed. Also see Melodic death metal.
Doom metal - Inspired largely by the lumbering dirges and stoned, paranoid darkness of Black Sabbath, and one of the very few heavy metal subgenres to prize feel and mood more than flashy technique, doom metal bands include Candlemass, Cathedral and Anathema.
Epic metal - Incorporates high fantasy and related elements. Examples of epic metal include Manowar, Virgin Steele, Cirith Ungol, Omen, Medieval Steel, Bathory, DoomSword.
Extreme metal - Not a specific genre but a broader definition of some heavier and aggressive styles of metal including black metal, death metal, doom metal, grindcore, hardcore and thrash metal.
Folk metal - A style incorporates folk music instruments or themes. Skyclad is probably the most known band in this genre. See Subway to Sally and In Extremo.
Gore Metal - Subgenre that bases most lyrical inspiration on gore/horror and anything to be considered macabre and "Dark Taboo", Generally revolving around something sickening. Bands linked with this subgenre include: Mortician, Exhumed and quite obvious from the band-name Cannibal Corpse
Goth metal - A fusion of the bleak, icy atmospherics of goth rock with the loud guitars and aggression of heavy metal, finding the middle ground between the two styles in a melodramatic sense of theater and lyrical obsessions with religion and horror. Bands include Theatre of Tragedy, Paradise Lost, Lacrimosa, Tristania, My Dying Bride and Type O Negative.
Grindcore - Influenced by thrash metal, and also hardcore and punk, that takes its name from the "grinding" sound made by the atonal riffs 'grinding' into one another. The style is characterized by a vocal style similar to death metal, rapid fire "blast beats" from double-kick drums and short songs. Exponents of the genre include Napalm Death (regarded as pioneers of the style), Carcass and Extreme Noise Terror.
Grunge metal - Sometimes seen as distinct from grunge itself, although combining elements of both grunge and metal. Prominent grunge metal acts include Alice In Chains and King's X.
Hair metal - also referred to as glam metal or cock rock, it was a commercially popular style of metal in the 1980s. It features feel good anthems and flashy costumes. Bands include M�tley Cr�e, Ratt, Skid Row, Poison, Dokken, Greg Howe, Vixen, and Cinderella.
Hard rock - A progression from blues rock and early psychedelia and a precursor to heavy metal. It was pioneered in the mid to late 1960s by artist such as Jimi Hendrix and Steppenwolf, with British bands such as Led Zeppelin, Cream and Free developing it further. It is hard to distinguish hard rock from early heavy metal, some artist such as Deep Purple, Thin Lizzy, Queen and AC/DC fall into both styles.
Hardcore - Originating as extreme and chaotic version of punk rock but crossed over into Heavy metal due to its similarities in heaviness and aggression. It was also a pivotal influence to thrash metal and later grindcore and Metalcore. Some artists, most notably Suicidal Tendencies and D.R.I. crossed over styles from hardcore to heavy metal. Other notable hardcore acts include Bad Brains, Agnostic Front, Black Flag and Minor Threat.
Ice metal - Incorporates sounds, imagery and themes related to ice zones, specifically Scandinavia. See Sonata Arctica.
Industrial metal features elements of dance music, techno, and heavy, distorted guitars. Synthesizers and drum machines are heavily used in this sub-genre. Well known industrial metal acts include Nine Inch Nails, Marilyn Manson, Ministry, Rob Zombie/White Zombie, Fear Factory and Rammstein.
Math metal - This term was reportedly coined by Mudvayne frontman Ch�d, and features bands such as Meshuggah and the noisy, grindcore and jazz influenced band by the name The Dillinger Escape Plan.
Melodic death metal - An offshoot of death metal, featuring melodic guitar riffs (sometimes acoustic), and in some examples occasional 'clean' singing. Death and Morbid Angel are primary influences of the genre, which has been developed further by predominately Swedish bands such as Entombed, At The Gates, Opeth, In Flames and Katatonia.
Metalcore - This style is a fusion between hardcore and thrash Metal. Notable metalcore artists include Hatebreed and Killswitch Engage.
Neo-classical metal incorporates elements or melodies from classical music, especially works by Johann Sebastian Bach, Antonio Vivaldi and Niccolo Paganini. Yngwie J. Malmsteen is a perhaps known proponent of this branch of metal, classical elements were used in heavy metal and hard rock date back to Ritchie Blackmore of Deep Purple and Eddie Van Halen's innovations in the late 1970s.
New Wave of British Heavy Metal - Often abbreviated as NWOBHM, the term is used to describe British metal artists that emerged in the late 1970s/early 1980s in the wake of the 'original wave' of British metal artist such as Black Sabbath and Deep Purple. NWOBHM was hugely popular and is influential to virtually all sub-genres of heavy metal since. Major artists included Judas Priest, Iron Maiden, Def Leppard, Saxon and Diamond Head.
Nu metal - Features a pronounced hip hop influence, and guitar technique is often different from "traditional metal." Some argue nu-metal is a misnomer, stating the genre has very little to do with heavy metal. See Korn, Papa Roach, Staind, Linkin Park, Slipknot, Orgy, Drowning Pool, Machine Head and Limp Bizkit.
Opera Metal - A genre of metal including operatic vocals. An example would be Nightwish.
Oriental metal - A sub-sub genre of death metal and incorporating influences from Jewish tradition and eastern music. See Salem and Orphaned Land.
Party metal - Also referred to as Pop metal, it features lyrics celebrating drinking, rock or metal music, sex, and related topics. The style often overlaps hair metal and hard rock. Notable artists include Cheap Trick, Van Halen, Queen, KISS, Quiet Riot, Twisted Sister, Andrew WK and some Judas Priest ("Living After Midnight", "Heading Out To The Highway," "Hot Rockin")
Power metal - Features fantasy or science fiction themes. The most famous bands include Helloween, Blind Guardian and Hammerfall, all of them continental European, and Jag Panzer coming from the US.
Progressive metal - combining elements of progressive rock and heavy metal. See Dream Theater, Symphony X, Stratovarius and DragonForce.
Speed metal - Speed metal has its origins in the New Wave Of British Heavy Metal with bands such as Motorhead, Raven, Venom, Iron Maiden and Judas Priest often combining heavy metal with the speed of punk rock. The style often overlaps Thrash metal, although speed metal is regarded as being more melodic. Other notable speed metal acts include Watchtower and Racer X.
Stoner metal - Also referred to as stoner rock, it overlaps with doom metal, and features heavy, sometimes slow and sludgily distorted riffs and the obvious influence of psychedelic music and more importantly the 1970s fuzz-distorted metal of Black Sabbath and Budgie. Exponents of the genre include Cathedral, Kyuss, Queens of the Stone Age, Nebula, Fu Manchu and Monster Magnet.
Synth metal - Soft form of metal strongly influenced by the sounds, forms and fashion of the 80's Synth pop, with synthethizers as predominant instruments and guitars only used in a clean, brilliant, bright way, in a second place. Best examples but not the only ones, are Sonata Arctica, Royal Hunt, Dark Moor, Wampas and Final Fight.
Thrash metal - Incorporated hardcore punk's speed with traditional metal. Slayer, Overkill and early Metallica and Megadeth. As is true for many of the terms in this list, the moniker "thrash metal" was not always embraced by its supposed representatives; early on, Metallica referred to themselves as "power metal" (conflicting with the above definition of this term). Conversely, many more or less obscure bands, like Kreator, came up with equally obscure classifications for themselves, such as hate metal. Such labels were often soon forgotten or reused for something else.
True metal - This term was coined back in the 1980s by US band Manowar, but came into wider use in the 1990s, when genres such as alternative metal and nu metal began to emerge to distinguish more "traditional" styles such as power metal.
SID Metal - A recent genre of metal which uses a SID chip. The Swedish band Machinae Supremacy is said to be the founder of this genre.
Vedic metal - Was reportedly started by Indian band Rudra which combined death metal with eastern spiritual and folk elements to create a totally new genre called Vedic metal. Other groups include Canyon and Supremo from India, Hellraiser from Thailand and Brisko from Indonesia.
Viking Metal - Pioneered by Bathory, this is music including Viking-themed lyrics, and sometimes acoustic guitars and folk instruments. See also Thyrfing and Falkenbach.

Aj probaj naći sve ovo na srpskom ili barem na hrvatskom.Ne znaju svi English xD